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Writer's pictureGMI Electrical
Jul 11, 20233 min read

Harnessing the Power of the Sun: How Solar Panels Work

Introduction Solar interact with certain materials panels have revolutionised the way we generate electricity by harnessing the power of the sun. In this blog post, we will explore the intricate workings of solar panels, providing an in-depth understanding of the technology behind their operation. GMI Electrical Ltd, a trusted MCS accredited installer based in South Wales, is dedicated to providing comprehensive solar panel solutions. Contact us today for a detailed quotation tailored to your specific requirements.

Understanding Solar Panels: A Closer Look

  1. Photovoltaic Effect: Solar panels operate on the principle of the photovoltaic effect. This effect occurs when photons (particles of light) strike the surface of a solar panel. Photons carry energy, and when they, such that energy to electrons within the material.

  2. Solar Cells as the semiconductors found in solar cells, they can transfer into electricity. They are typically made of semiconducting materials, most commonly silicon. When photons strike the solar cell, they transfer energy to the electrons in the semiconductor material: Solar cells are the fundamental units within a solar panel responsible for converting sunlight, causing them to become excited and break free from their atoms.

  3. Electric Field: The structure of solar cells is designed to create an electric field. This electric field acts as a force that separates the freed electrons and creates a flow of current. The two layers of the semiconductor material in a solar cell are doped differently to create a built-in electric field.

  4. Cell Construction: Solar cells are typically constructed with multiple layers to optimise the conversion of sunlight into electricity. The top layer, known as the anti-reflective coating, reduces reflection and allows maximum light absorption. The middle layer is the p-n junction, where the electrons are excited and separated. The bottom layer serves as an electrical contact to collect the generated current.



  1. Wiring and Connections: Solar cells are interconnected within a solar panel to form modules. These modules are then wired together to create an array capable of generating the desired amount of electricity. The wiring is designed to ensure a continuous flow of current and maximise the efficiency of the system.

  2. Direct Current (DC) Output: The electricity generated by solar panels is in the form of direct current (DC). This means that the flow of electrons is in one direction. However, most household appliances and the electrical grid operate on alternating current (AC). To make the electricity generated by solar panels compatible with AC systems, an inverter is required.

  3. Inverter Conversion: The inverter is a crucial component of a solar panel system. It converts the DC electricity produced by the solar panels into AC electricity, which can be used to power household appliances and fed back into the grid. Inverters also monitor the performance of the system, ensure safety, and optimise power output.

  4. Net Metering: Solar panel systems can be connected to the electrical grid through a process called net metering. When a solar panel system generates more electricity than is consumed, the excess energy can be fed back into the grid, allowing the homeowner to earn credits or receive compensation. During times when the solar panels do not generate enough electricity, such as at night or during cloudy days, electricity is drawn from the grid as usual.

Benefits of Solar Panels

  1. Renewable Energy: Solar panels harness the sun's energy, which is a renewable resource. As long as the sun continues to shine, solar energy will be available, making it a sustainable and abundant source of power.

  2. Energy Cost Savings: By generating your own electricity, you can significantly reduce your dependence on the grid. This leads to lower electricity bills and provides protection against rising energy costs.

  3. Environmental Impact: Solar energy is clean and produces zero greenhouse gas emissions during operation. By choosing solar power, you are actively contributing to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and mitigating climate change.

  4. Increased Property Value: Solar panel installations have been shown to increase the value of a property. Homebuyers are increasingly seeking energy-efficient features, and solar panels offer a tangible and valuable addition to any property.

Conclusion Solar panels are a remarkable technology that converts sunlight into usable electricity through the photovoltaic effect. By understanding the intricate workings of solar panels, we can appreciate their immense potential for sustainable energy generation. GMI Electrical Ltd, a trusted MCS accredited installer based in South Wales, is committed to providing reliable and customised solar panel solutions. Contact us today for a detailed quotation and take a step toward a greener future powered by solar energy.


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